古盐湖卤水温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵艳军  刘成林  张华  LI ZhaoQi  丁婷  汪明泉 《岩石学报》2015,31(9):2751-2756

古盐湖卤水的温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用的定量研究是钾盐成矿机理分析的重点和难点。本文分析和测试陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组、四川盆地三叠系嘉陵江组、云南兰坪-思茅盆地白垩系及老挝沙空那空盆地白垩系等八个含盐系的石盐岩中的流体包裹体,并利用均一温度计算了古盐湖的蒸发速率。若以老挝白垩纪时盐湖的蒸发速率为标准值100,陕北奥陶纪、四川三叠纪、云南白垩纪的蒸发速率标准值分别为54、68和90,而目前在老挝和云南白垩系都找到了一定规模的钾盐矿,因此高温(气温及水温)是盐湖成钾的有利条件,在卤水演化成钾的过程中可以起到重要的"催化"作用。  相似文献   

老挝龙湖钾盐矿床沉积碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成及其对成钾环境的初步指示     

韩元红  马海州  张西营  王琪  罗厚勇  李建森  廖朋  朱军 《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(2)

碳、氧同位素作为反映古沉积环境、成矿物源和水–岩反应等良好的稳定同位素指标,被广泛应用。通过对老挝龙湖钾盐矿区ZK309、ZK301、ZK311和ZK004四个钻孔农波组盐岩上覆泥岩碳、氧同位素组成的分析,讨论了盐岩上覆泥岩沉积的碳、氧同位素组成变化特征及其指示的沉积环境。经分析,所测碳、氧同位素基本代表了碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成,初步推测这些碳酸盐均为当地自生,受后期改变很少,δ13C和δ18O平均值分别为-5.1‰和-4.6‰,其中δ13C值略高于一般陆相碳酸盐碳同位素最大值–5.69‰,δ18O值介于–2.71‰~–10.8‰之间,ZK309和ZK301钻孔碳、氧同位素相关系数均小于0.7,初步指示盐岩沉积之后沉积环境为陆相。δ13C值略高于–5.69‰,推测是后期盐岩层被淋滤,泥岩层受淋滤后的残余卤水影响的结果,这也解释了蒸发岩沉积层序异常(钾石盐覆盖于光卤石之上)的沉积特征。因此,在本研究中,大气水在泥岩碳、氧同位素的变化中扮演了重要角色。  相似文献   

深部盐岩层绳索取心钻井液技术研究与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑文龙 《地质与勘探》2015,51(5):977-983

由于次生应力场的作用以及盐岩易溶于水的特性,深部盐岩层钻进存在岩层蠕动、钻井液易遭受盐钙侵等问题;钻进参数选择不合理易导致盐岩层取心效率低、岩心冲蚀严重。本文以河南省叶舞凹陷ZK3井为例,采用石油钻井与绳索取心相结合的措施,解决了普通固体矿产钻探设备在深部地层取心中效力不足的问题;通过阳离子交换容量测定、矿物组分鉴定、钻井液体系优选及性能测试等试验,确定了针对上部泥岩地层的聚合物钻井液体系,中部含膏泥岩的欠饱和盐水钻井液体系,下部盐岩层取心段的饱和盐水钻井液体系。通过确定合适的钻井液密度与临界环空返速,可以有效控制深部盐岩层蠕变与井壁冲蚀,适度提高排量以成倍提高钻进速度。钻进过程中钻井液性能稳定,体系转换顺利且性能易于调整,为取心任务的顺利完成提供了有力保证。  相似文献   

绳索取心钻进技术在松散盐岩地层中的应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

李金锁  张少林  刘江  张佳文 《探矿工程》2015,42(7):5-9

地质岩心钻探中,岩心采取率一直是地质找矿、地学科研工作者重点关注的对象,也是岩心钻探重要的考核指标。传统的钻探取心方法在松散、软弱、含盐地层,特别是含易溶盐地层的取心质量不佳;绳索取心钻探在完整地层取心效果较为理想,同时可大大提高劳动生产率、降低劳动强度,而对于松散、软弱地层,其取心难度比起传统钻探有时更为复杂。通过柴达木盆地达布逊干盐湖科学钻探工程,对钻遇的地表层、松散地层如何采取技术方法提高岩心采取率进行了探索和研究。实践证明,通过改善冲洗液性能、改进取心卡簧特性及钻头出水方式3个方面技术措施,可大大提高绳索取心钻进在松散、软弱、弱固结、含盐地层的岩心采取率,由改进前的平均30%提高为平均96%。  相似文献   

应用连续混合器模型模拟非饱和土壤盐分淋洗过程          下载免费PDF全文

彭振阳  伍靖伟  黄介生 《水科学进展》2015,26(4):550-559

尽管连续混合器模型已经广泛应用于土壤中溶质迁移转化规律计算,但却仅限于饱和土壤条件。通过采用Kostiakov公式描述非稳定入渗过程,并结合活塞假设计算入渗过程中土壤水分的运动和分布规律,将连续混合器模型扩展应用于非饱和土壤的盐分淋洗过程计算,并求出了模型的解析解。分析发现,在一定的土壤质地、初始含水率剖面和初始含盐量剖面下,模型的计算结果会受到土层划分厚度的影响,而合理的土层厚度又与饱和导水率和溶质弥散系数之间存在量纲一的函数关系。当土层厚度选取合理时,连续混合器模型与HYDRUS-1D的计算结果十分接近,采用该模型模拟试验土壤盐分淋洗过程,显示了较好的计算精度。  相似文献   

JYZ11A钻孔记录的居延泽演化历史     

李芳亮  魏海涛  范育新  金明  温丽娟  范天来  李国强  谢海超  陈发虎 《第四纪研究》2015,35(1)

我国内陆干旱区在末次冰期(含深海氧同位素第3阶段)是否存在古大湖近年来持续存在争论.居延泽是黑河的尾闾湖之一,位于我国典型干旱区,是开展这项研究的理想区域.依据居延泽盆地最低处的JYZ11A钻孔(全孔长61.13m,本文侧重上部27m岩芯),使用石英光释光测年获得3个可靠释光年龄并据此建立年代框架.全孔10cm间距测量沉积物粒度,钻孔上部16.7m以2cm间距测量低频磁化率,本文侧重分析JYZ11A钻孔上部10m的指标记录.综合岩性地层、沉积物粒度分布特征和粒度、磁化率指标记录,并与前人已有研究进行对比,本研究发现末次冰期时居延泽盆地主要堆积棕色冲洪积物和风沙沉积物,早全新世为风沙沉积,中全新世出现浅灰色湖相沉积与风沙交替沉积,而稳定湖泊只在约3ka时才逐渐形成,可能存在多次湖面波动并留下古湖岸堤.因此,居延泽盆地在末次冰期包括深海氧同位素第3阶段晚期并不存在稳定大湖.居延泽早全新世干涸、中晚全新世湖泊较稳定发育的全新世成湖模式与季风区湖泊演化模式明显不同,而与许多中亚干旱区的湖泊、风成沉积等古环境记录相似,它们可能共同指示了一种有别于中国季风区的全新世区域湿度演化模式.  相似文献   

云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积物物化参数的特点、环境意义及末次冰消期以来气候环境变化     

刘亚生  常凤琴  张虎才  牛洁  段立曾  李华勇  文新宇  吴汉 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

根据对云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积钻孔样品的粒度特征、总有机碳、碳酸盐、磁化率及年代学分析测试,探讨了各指标的变化特点及其环境指示意义,指出了云南高原湖泊沉积物化指标的特殊性及其变化特点.在此基础上,重建了云南腾冲地区末次冰消期(15830a B.P.)以来沉积环境与气候干湿变化历史.通过青海沉积物年代序列的重建和综合各物化参数分析得出,云南腾冲地区自15830a B.P.以来总体呈现冷湿-温湿-暖干-温和偏干的气候演变过程,并可分为4个阶段,即15830～12790a B.P.气候温凉偏湿;12790～4680a B.P.为温暖湿润期,湖泊水位高,气候湿暖,降水多;4680～312a B.P.气候特征呈现出从温湿到暖干气候逐渐演化,降水减少,湖泊水位下降;312a B.P.以来气候特征为前期温和湿润,后期具有暖干化特征,反映了近几十年来全球气候变暖导致的气候变化趋势并叠加了研究区人类活动对区域环境的影响.  相似文献   

Assessment of 2DH and pseudo‐3D modelling platforms in a large saline aquatic system: Lake Urmia,Iran          下载免费PDF全文

M. Zeinoddini  M. A. Tofighi  A. Bakhtiari 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4953-4970

The main objective of this paper is to provide comparative quantitative examinations on the capabilities of two‐dimensional horizontal and pseudo‐three‐dimensional (3D) modelling approaches for simulating spatial and temporal variability of the flow and salinity in Lake Urmia, Iran. The water quality in the lake has been an environmentally important subject partly because this shallow hypersaline aquatic ecosystem is considered to be one of the largest natural habitats of a unique multicellular organism, Artemia urmiana. This brine shrimp is the major food source for many of the protected and rare shorebirds that visit the lake. A. urmiana can grow and survive in certain ranges of salinity, and their disappearance could lead to an alteration of existing equilibria. The lake has also experienced considerable man‐made changes during the past three decades. A newly built crossing embankment almost divided the lake into two northern and southern halves. A relatively small opening of 1.25 km in the new embankment provides water connections between the two halves. As a result, the flow and salinity regimes have been significantly changed. This might have had adverse serious impacts on the lake ecosystem. In the current study, the two‐dimensional horizontal hydrodynamic model has been found to provide reasonable predictions for the flow regime in the lake, whereas its salinity predictions have not been consistent with the field observations. The pseudo‐3D model has produced results fairly close to the salinity measurements and its temporal and spatial variations. The pseudo‐3D model has been used for evaluating the embankment effects on the lake hydrodynamics and on the salinity conditions. The effectiveness of introducing a different number or length of openings in the embankment for restoring the pre‐embankment conditions has also been examined. These remedy options have been found not to offer substantial improvements to the lake's existing ecosystem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西藏羌北高原多格错仁盐湖中更新世晚期以来的环境演化记录     

李金锁  刘喜方  牛新生  商斌  李国臣 《地质学报》2020,94(10):3130-3143

通过对西藏藏北高原多格错仁盐湖湖岸3101cm高度剖面进行地形地貌、地层沉积特征、矿物学特征及粒度、频率磁化率等气候环境变化指标的分析研究发现，整个剖面反映出大致6个较大的气候变化过程：233. 3kaBP～223. 5kaBP气候波动较大，总体趋势气候趋于干冷，期间出现过两次较温暖气候，之后气候逐渐变冷；在223. 5kaBP～213. 6kaBP总体变化为气温大幅度上升，但在期间有一次较大的相对冷干过程；213. 6kaBP～170kaBP之间总体变化气候趋于变冷，中间有2次明显的气候变暖湿过程及两次冷干过程；170kaBP～117. 1kaBP气候转为明显湿热；117. 1kaBP～75. 6kaBP气候变化趋势明显降低；75. 6kaBP～56. 7kaBP气候又明显上升达到湿热状态。以上气候波动规律与极地冰芯记录及深海氧同位素记录的古气候波动规律有很好的一致性，同时本盐湖区与柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区的CH0310钻孔及青海湖南岸二郎剑阶地的 QH 86钻孔所揭示的中更新世晚期以来的气候变化的分析对比，发现西藏羌北的多格错仁盐湖区与青海的察尔汗盐湖区及青海湖湖区在更新世中晚期以来的气候环境变迁存在极好的可比性，说明青藏高原的气候演化在中晚更新世以来基本具有一致性，在时间上的微小超前与滞后具有区域上的细微变化，说明气候变迁在不同的区域又具有各自的独特性。  相似文献   

Subaquatic slope instabilities: The aftermath of river correction and artificial dumps in Lake Biel (Switzerland)     

Nathalie Dubois  Love Råman Vinnå  Marvin Rabold  Michael Hilbe  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Alfred Wüest  Laetitia Meuriot  Alice Jeannet  Stéphanie Girardclos 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):971-990

River engineering projects are developing rapidly across the globe, drastically modifying water courses and sediment transfer. Investigation of the impact of engineering works focuses usually on short-term impacts, thus a longer-term perspective is still missing on the effects that such projects have. The ‘Jura Water Corrections’ – the largest river engineering project ever undertaken in Switzerland – radically modified the hydrological system of Lake Biel in the 19th and 20th Century. The deviation of the Aare River into Lake Biel more than 140 years ago, in 1878, thus represents an ideal case study to investigate the long-term sedimentological impacts of such large-scale river rerouting. Sediment cores, along with new high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection datasets were acquired in Lake Biel to document the consequences of the Jura Water Corrections on the sedimentation history of Lake Biel. Numerous subaquatic mass transport structures were detected on all of the slopes of the lake. Notably, a relatively large mass transport complex (0·86 km²) was observed on the eastern shore, along the path of the Aare River intrusion. The large amount of sediment delivered by the Aare River since its deviation into the lake likely caused sediment overloading resulting in subaquatic mass transport. Alternatively, the dumping since 1963 in a subaquatic landfill of material excavated during the second phase of river engineering, when the channels flowing into and out of Lake Biel were widened and deepened, might have triggered the largest mass transport, dated to 1964 or 1965. Additional potential triggers include two nearby small earthquakes in 1964 and 1965 (M_W 3·9 and 3·2, respectively). The data for this study indicate that relatively large mass transports have become recurrent in Lake Biel following the deviation of the Aare River, thus modifying hazard frequency for the neighbouring communities and infrastructure.  相似文献